Jack Shaefer Essay Example For Students

Jack Shaefer Essay These four short stories are good to go in America and show the assorted variety of Culture in the United States contrasted with the UK and different nations. I will outline the principle social highlights appeared in these four stories. Jeremy Rodock, by Jack Shaefer This story is about a pioneer who claims a farm in the strange Wild West of the United States in the mid nineteenth century. He is incredibly enamored with his ponies, which are the primary element in his life. At some point, he goes to see his female horses and foals in his field, yet finds they have been taken. He and the creator of the story track the ponies and find them in a valley, however they had been roped and tossed and their front hooves scratched nearly to the fast, with the goal that they could scarcely put their weight on them. Rodock leaves the ponies in the valley, wanting to come back to attempt to catch the criminals and make them pay. He does this and figures out how to catch the cheats, yet as opposed to hanging them, which is his typical practice, he makes them walk fifty miles over rough land without shoes, yet then he chose to release them. This story includes a pioneer, a man who investigated and settled in an obscure area in the Wild West of America in the mid nineteenth century. Pioneers are a significant element of American culture, and are not highlighted in numerous different nations societies, aside from other New World nations like Australia. Pioneers rode on their pony into the obscure, establishing settlements. In this story, Jeremy Rodock, the pioneer, has fired up a farm in some obscure domain. Pioneers were essential to American culture in the nineteenth and mid twentieth century as they extended American region from the East to the far Wild West. Without them, the western territories of the USA would not be a piece of the nation. Jeremy Rodock was a commonplace pioneer of his time, an intense resilient man. The story is set in the Wild West, which is likewise imperative to American culture. The Wild West is a casual term for the unexplored southwestern conditions of the USA, where law didn't exist. Pioneers, or pilgrims who tailed them possessed the Wild West. As there was no law; individuals went rogue, as appeared in Jeremy Rodock. He has a notoriety (which he merits) of hanging rustlers who took his ponies, Jeremy Rodock was a hanging man when it came to horse cheats (page 1). Current America gives off an impression of being captivated by the Wild West, as they have made an innumerable number of movies and arrangement set in the Wild West, as have numerous different nations demonstrating that it isn't only the Americans who are interested with the Wild West. The fundamental culture exhibited in Jeremy Rodock is the pony culture. The story is set in a pony farm. There is nothing else at the farm except for ponies and farm hands to care for the ponies. The entire story is about ponies, finding horse cheats who have taken and hurt Jeremy Rodocks ponies, and seeking retribution for this. The Horse culture was critical to the pioneers, as in those days this was their lone method of transport. In the infertile land, where this story are set, there are no ladies, no close by settlements, only open scene. This pony culture could be portrayed as crude or confined. The pony culture is so significant as the farm is disengaged, and no pilgrims have followed Rodock into this territory. The language utilized in the way of life appeared above is changed to current English. .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 , .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .postImageUrl , .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 , .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:hover , .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:visited , .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:active { border:0!important; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:active , .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:hover { darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f9795 1f9f1b68db2 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u285e3b55ffa282d5f97951f9f1b68db2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: John Keats utilizes frequently utilizes torment EssayThey have many slang words, and right American jargon. The slang that they use is normally connected with America; a few was assimilated into the American language as right jargon sometime in the not too distant future. Models: critters (pg5), mosey (pg5), look see (pg5), limps (pg4) and hitching (pg4). These are nevertheless not many of the many slang models in this story. They give a knowledge to the language utilized in the mid nineteenth century, which is a significant piece of the way of life. Words in this story that are a piece of the American language however not the English a re: hustling, (pg6) and stirring (pg2). There are a lot more instances of right American words in the story. The distinction in language represents the contrast between the American culture and the English culture at that point. Jeremy Rodock reveals insight into the life of a pioneer in the mid nineteenth century. My dad by Damon Runyon This story is about a man whose father used to be a pioneer and who has a pioneers get-together in a similar town where his better half is to give a discourse for her general public in devotion to another exhibition hall for Spanish voyagers. Yet, his dad attempts to re-institute his prior years and starts running uproars in the town with his firearm and vicious ways.

GDP of the United States Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gross domestic product of the United States - Assignment Example The United States economy, with respect to ongoing patterns, along these lines, ought to be going ahead and improving. In any case, the United States is attempting to recuperate because of the way that the pattern isn't going true to form, and the subject of why America down stays to be replied (Cobb, 1995) is. As respects to above patterns in the present record as a percent of US GDP, of 1980-2010, unmistakably the GDP rates continue fluctuating as it did in past downturns in the United States. As per the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), the genuine gross GDP recorded a yearly increment pace of 1.8 percent in the second from last quarter of 2011 (News Release, 2011). This pattern of increment from the second to the second from last quarter has been an eminent discharge by the Bureau of financial examination. The second quarter of the year 2011 saw the genuine GDP increment by 1.3 percent. The total national output alludes to the yield of merchandise and ventures that work and property situated in the United States produce (News Release, 2011). In the United States, the (GDP) development rate is a fundamental segment of the economy. For this case, the eventual fate of the financial action is anticipated by the yield bend incline and the spread between the intrigue terms (News Release, 2011). This is on the grounds that the movements of the incline are key determinants and pointers of high and low GDP development. In deciding GDP, there are three distinct methodologies, which must complete comparative outcomes. Along these lines, the â€Å"total estimation of production†, the â€Å"total estimation of income† and the all out estimation of consumption ought to reflect harmony or just be equivalent (News Release, 2011). The primary technique includes inferring a remaining worth and is alluded to as the creation approach (Krugman, 2001). Creation approach includes taking a gauge of each industry’s net yield from different businesses, and this is utilized to infer each industry’s remaining worth.

Simple Établir (to Establish) Conjugations in French

Basic Établir (to Establish) Conjugations in French The French verbâ ã ©tablirâ means to set up. This is a generally simple one to recollect in light of the fact that it looks like the English word and the conjugations arent frightfully troublesome, either. Conjugating the French Verb Établir Action word conjugations are required when we need to change the strained. In English, we include - ed or - ing to do this, however its progressively unpredictable in French. That is on the grounds that theres another action word finishing for ​every subject pronoun just as each strained. Établirâ is aâ regular - IR verbâ and it observes the action word conjugation rules of comparable action words likeâ convertirâ (to convert),â chã ©rirâ (to treasure), and numerous others. This makes learning each new action word somewhat simpler than the last. To conjugate these action words, we should initially perceive the action word stem. Forâ ã ©tablir, that isâ ã ©tabl-. Then we have to include the fitting closure. For example, I set up is jã ©tablis and we will build up is nous à ©tablirons. Subject Present Future Blemished j tablis tablirai tablissais tu tablis tabliras tablissais il tablit tablira tablissait nous tablissons tablirons tablissions vous tablissez tablirez tablissiez ils tablissent tabliront tablissaient The Present Participle of Établir Including - antâ to the action word stem ofâ ã ©tablirâ creates theâ present participleâ ofâ ã ©tablissant. This is an action word, yet it can likewise be utilized as a descriptor, ing word, or thing in specific conditions. The Past Participle and Passã © Composã © The past tense built up can be shaped utilizing either the defective or theâ passã © composã ©. To develop the last mentioned, start with the subject pronoun, conjugate theâ auxiliary verbâ avoirâ to coordinate it, at that point include the past participleâ ã ©tabli. It meets up rapidly: I built up is jai à ©tabli and we set up is nous avons à ©tabli. You will see thatâ aiâ andâ avonsâ are conjugates ofâ avoirâ and that the past participle doesn't change. Apply these guidelines to different subjects too. Increasingly Simple Établir Conjugations Rehearsing the entirety of the above structures ofâ ã ©tablirâ should be the focal point of your examinations from the outset. When youre OK with those, consider adding the accompanying to your vocabulary. Even in the event that you dont use them by and by, its imperative to have the option to perceive these and partner them withâ ã ©tablir. At the point when the demonstration of setting up has some inquiry or vulnerability to it, the subjunctive structure or the restrictive action word can be utilized. Its conceivable that you will just experience the passã © basic and blemished subjunctive in formal writing.â Subject Subjunctive Contingent Pass Simple Defective Subjunctive j tablisse tablirais tablis tablisse tu tablisses tablirais tablis tablisses il tablisse tablirait tablit tablt nous tablissions tablirions tablmes tablissions vous tablissiez tabliriez tabltes tablissiez ils tablissent tabliriez tablirent tablissent For short proclamations that legitimately solicitation or request something to be built up, utilize the basic action word structure. While doing as such, the subject pronoun isn't required: use à ©tablis as opposed to tu à ©tablis. Basic (tu) tablis (nous) tablissons (vous) tablissez

Methods Of Earning Management & Mechanisms For Constraining Earnings - 2200 Words

Methods Of Earning Management & Mechanisms For Constraining Earnings (Coursework Sample) Content: FINANCIAL REPORTING By Name Course code+name Instructor’s Name University Name City, State Date of Submission Introduction According to significant business and firms, earnings forms one of the most incredible indicators of its activities. The primary reason is that most companies' measure its present value from the future earnings, the investors. The analysis and prominent investors will always observe and determine the attractiveness of the each every particular stock in a company. Therefore, these companies with poor prospects of earnings will typically realize lower share prices as compared to those with better prospects. Consequently, earnings and management play significant roles in determining the share prices of companies in addition to direct resource allocation in the entire capital market (Howe, Houston,  2015, p.77). The paper will focus more on the management and earnings, the earning motivations in control, the methods of earning management and the mechanisms for constraining the earnings. Several motives are available behind the earnings management. The core reasons for the earning management usually range from the bases to satisfy analysts and their expectations to the incentives to develop bonuses or to maintain a more competitive position present within the financial market. The legal earnings that are present within the scopes of management and the financial reports are thus adjusted at the same time with the standards of the financial reporting (Vieira,  2016, p.191). As a consequent, the companies will only engage themselves in those earnings management if the benefits of the behavior are higher than the risks and the overall costs that are involved. The dividends which are stable and the entire stability of the business will act as close motivational tools to the manager to able to manage the earnings. There are different categories of incentives; the stock market incentives, the political costs, the personal interest and the internal motives. The Incentives of the Stock Market The integration between the accounting numbers and the stock market and their reaction will indeed push the management towards the earning management. The investors most of the time rely on the issues to do with the stock market analysts to bring together a portfolio of the potentialities of the successful firms. The analysts' expectation in the meeting of the businesses is crucial to the companies and is mostly enjoyed by the companies. Missing the benchmark of earning has negative impacts for the stock return together with the compensations of the CEO. Therefore, to be able to go in line with the forecasts, the managers of companies need to turn to earnings management. When earnings managed before time, they will be realized below forecast, and the managers will use the income-increasing management of the earnings. Personal Incentives There might be possible financial motives for the company, and the CEO can be relying on the management earnings. Therefore, a CEO can be used to go on the downwards earnings within the management during the year of change, and in the following years, there would be an upward earning (Limmack,  2015, p.266). The retiring CEO usually uses the upwards earnings the management to leave and put a seat on the board. The internal motives Another motive of earnings management that is not connected to the outside stakeholders like the government or the shareholders is the interior motives. Within the jurisdiction of a company, it used to bring the financial reports to the structure transactions in a way that avoids the performance standards (Prencipe,  2012, p.689). Many managers will choose to impact the use of income-decreasing the unexpected happenings when the innovations are in a transitory. Some companies use externally determined standards that are not touched by the participants including the rules such as peer group and other fixed standards of the cost of capital. This likeliness is most likely to bring harmony to the earnings as compared to those other companies that make use of the internal standards. Management Compensations in addition to Contract Motivations The theory of the management compensation which is also referred to as the bonus plan hypothesis dictates that managers are far much motivated to bring to use the earnings management to promote their benefit. The bonuses of the management are always connected to the earnings of the firms. Therefore, it is expected that earnings and their management are used to increase their incomes. Managers choose to report accruals in businesses that defer from the income when the bonus awards were reached because they had no nothing to gain from the extra earnings and thus would be better to be increased in the income for the subsequent years (Hashim,  Salleh, Ariff,  2013, p.297). As a result, this will be based on the hypothesis of the ‘big bath' that speculates on the managers and their inability to manipulate the earnings supposed to be reached by specific targets. Consequently, they will have the incentive that uses the earnings management to bring down the current earnings to fav or the future earnings and thus creating future bonuses. Methods of Earnings Management Earnings management is a common term that is used by the management to care and manage their earnings. However, this does not mean any of the illegal activities practiced by the management. Managers are supposed to achieve earnings sourcing them from the accounting choices or even by their decisions and operations. Managers can manage earnings due to having flexibility in the accounting making or activities of the choices. The most occurring methods of the earning management are summarized into; 1 The Techniques of Cookie Jar Reserve The technique here takes care of all the estimations of the future eventualities. Concerning the GAAP, the management needs to estimate the recorded obligations that will be used in the payment of the transactions or the events gotten from the present fiscal year and which are based on the accrual basis. However, uncertainties will always cover the estimation processes due to the future because it is not always given. The management, therefore, has to choose a single number that is by the GAAP. As a consequence, there is not always any chance given to take advantage of the earnings management. Under the technique of the cookie-jar, the company will try to bring overestimations on the expenses during the process of the management earnings. In situations where the actual costs turn out to be lower than the required estimates, the difference can be placed into the ‘cookie jar.' 2 The Techniques of the Big Bath’ Sometimes corporations may be used to reconstruct debts and even write down the assets of the company which may also lead to the closure of an operating system. Following this, the expenses are thus unavoidable. In situations where the management records an estimated charge of the previous papers may not confirm the board of directors to influence the performance. They may also find some of the characteristics of the board that relates to the effectiveness of the entire board particular on issues to do with training and monitoring of the top managers. Therefore, all these characteristics are as a result of the independence of the board, the ownership of the outside directors and the activity of the board. 3 A Technique on the Big Bet on the Future In cases where there is an acquisition the corporation that is responsible for acquiring the other is supposed to have acquired a significant bet with the future. According to the Acquired Accounting Principles, any acquisition must be reported as being a purchase. As a consequence, it leaves aside two doors open to be used by the earning management. From the first instance, any company can have a writing of the already existing RD costs and which are against the present earnings in that acquisition year and thus protects the future earnings (Yan, Hsu, Yang,  2016, p.167). Mechanisms that are used to Constraint Earnings The corporate governance is referred to as the relationship that exists between the corporation and all of its stakeholders and as a set of the mechanisms that is outside the investors and their protection against any exploitation (Gell,  2012, p.43). Initially, the corporate governance was seen to be minimizing the conflict of interest that is to the management and other stakeholders where the separation existing between the ownership and control are known. The framework of the agency portrays the internal monitoring mechanisms that assist in confirming the directors and how they carry out their proposed policies by maximizing the wealth of the stakeholders (Francis, Hasan,   Zhou,  2012, p. 272). Besides, having frequent board meetings is a crucial mechanism that will ensure there is the effectiveness of the performance of the board and their duties will be included in the overall process of overseeing and monitoring the behavior of the managers. Earnings Management The earnings management takes place when the managers use their judgment in the entire financial reporting and in the process of structuring the transactions that will alter the financial reports. These will mislead some of the stakeholders concerning the underlying performance of the economy of the organization or to bring influence to the contractual outcomes that rely heavily on the reported accounting numbers. Therefore, earning management can be defined as the actions that are operated by the managers and which serve to bring increment to the current reported earnings of the division without a relating increase of the prolonged profitability of the division (El Diri, 2017, p.67). Managers can manipulate the reports of accounting by the idea of managing the accruals....

William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice - 1315 Words

In The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare the play is based upon the hierarchy between Christian men and Jewish men. A character by the name of Bassanio borrows money from his friend Antonio, and Antonio borrows the money from Shylock to give to Bassanio. Eventually, Antonio cannot pay the money back because his ships have supposedly sunk. Therefore, he comes close to death because he signed a bond with Shylock stating that Shylock would get a pound of his flesh if the bond was not repaid. In the end, the conflicts between the characters are resolved, and the mastermind behind the all of the conflicts, Portia comes forward. Furthermore, the character of Shylock has a complex personality which makes it hard for the audience to decide†¦show more content†¦He does not care about the wellbeing of his daughter, his cruel actions drive his daughter away. Furthermore, Shylock has a conversation with Bassanio on the topics of hatred and murder. Shylock says, â€Å"Hates any man the thing he would not kill?† (4.1.67). Shylock is saying when one hates another man, why would he not want to kill it. â€Å"Thing† connotes something inanimate or not important. Shylock thinks of human life as not important. Therefore, he is trying to justify that his want to kill Bassanio is out of hate. In comparison to Shylock Bassanio states, â€Å"Every offense is not a hate at first† (4.1.68). Bassanio is saying if someone offends another person, they do not hate them immediately. There is a gentleness to Bassanio, unlike Shylock. Bassanio is suggesting forgiveness. This contradicts Shylock’s statement completely, showing the brutality of Shylock. Antonio is more sympathetic than Shylock because he is not violent. During the court case when Antonio wins and gets to choose Shylock’s punishment, he does not punish Shylock with violence. Antonio says, â€Å"he do record a gift, / Here in the court, of all he dies possess’d / Unto hi s son Lorenzo and his daughter† (4.1.385-388). The tone of the statement made by Antonio describes a sense of power. Antonio powerful because not only is he punishing Shylock, but he has self control and gives away all of Shylock’s money to someone who

`` Peasants, Rebels, Women, And Outcastes The Underside...

Urban life was exhilarating for Japan as cities began to develop in the 1890s. The major alterations were technological advancements that lead to additional job opportunities and made lives easier; however, the greater part of Japan, during the Meiji period, were not satisfied. These people were not benefiting from the changes that were occurring around them. In Mikiso Hane’s book, Peasants, Rebels, Women, And Outcastes: The Underside of Modern Japan, the first chapter depicts the morbid ways in which Japanese peasants reacted to starvation and military conscription. The next section illustrates the difficult duties of a farmer, and the third division describes the peasants’ morals. In the fourth section, Hane displays the demanding tasks†¦show more content†¦Granted that, the farmers were also expected to sacrifice their lives and resources for the â€Å"sake of the nation.† Even though the peasants were the ones engaged in heavy labor for Japan, the pr ofusion of wealth did not trickle down to them. No doubt, the elites at the top of the social pyramid were the superior social class who benefited and enjoyed the prosperity. In addition to hunger, the Meiji era had an abundant amount of measures that were introduced, but the compulsory military service generated the most commotion. A profuse amount of parents was opposed, for they were perturbed for their sons. A simpleton in â€Å"a booklet published in 1879† made a valid argument that it is not fair to exhort farmers into the military since they would have to â€Å"give up even their last grain of rice and receive nothing in return† (19). Asking these people, who were already on the verge of death, to die for Japan is requesting far too much. Why should an individual fight for a nation that does nothing in return for them? What is even worse is that losing a male in the household to the military conscription meant that the family was losing one pair of hands to mana ge the farm. If a family in poverty was already having troubles paying bills and maintaining the field, losing a worker would not improve the situation at all. In conclusion, malnutrition drives a poor person to do appalling things while military service leads to horrendous living

Strategic Information System Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System for Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction Citizen Gas Company is one of the biggest residential gas suppliers in the United State that likewise manages the residential and industrial gas supply. The organization was confronting issue in their business because of a change of interest and supply in the business sector. As indicated by the case situation, Citizen Gas Company is attempting to enhance the gas supply to the household level that is likewise reliant on the climate. The utilization of gas is high in the winter season and the supply around then stays low (Joskow and Kahn 2011). The organization buys their gas from a few other pipeline organizations through contract premise along these lines; they need to store the gas to supply in the business sector amid the interest circumstance. The gas stockpiling arranging of the organization exceedingly affects this procedure of free market activity. The organization keeps up a framework in their gas stockpiling, which is not creating any advantage to the organization. At the po int when the interest is high and supply is low then they needs to abridge the supply to the business and business segment coming about colossal business misfortune (Guang Shi et al. 2012). To manage the problem organization has employed an executive of corporate planning who can give an appropriate idea of storage capacity to take care during demand. The goal of this report is to distinguish the few parts of the storage capacity issues and give appropriate planning. The report will concentrate on the new framework that gives an appropriate month-to-month planning of the entire process. Background of the organization Citizens Gas Company is a cooperative organization established in the year of 1887 in United States with a objective of supplying gas to the residential customer without any interruptions. The company is operated by the public charitable trust with a mission to benefit the customers and community. The business of the company is associated with the supply of natural gas in different customers like residential, commercial and industrial. Citizens Gas Company is operating the business in three segments but the strength of the business is domestic customer because they provide maximum revenue to the organization. Therefore the preference of gas supply also remain with the domestic customer first. Among the base of 200000 customers, they have 160000 domestic customers and revenue income from this base is 160 million. Therefore, the focus of the company is always to serve better to the domestic customer in a efficient way. Along with the domestic customer, industrial business of the compan y is also increasing that needs prior attention for a better growth. To enhance the service the company is improving the service through the proper planning of storage and supply. The company is aiming to provide an uninterrupted supply to all customers to sustain within the market competition. Corporate structure of the company The CEO who is responsible for the overall performance of the organization heads citizens Gas Company. The structure of the organization is very normal and traditional where several directors are appointed for every department. All these directors report to the CEO and manage the several functions (Chopra and Sodhi 2014). There are functional manager in each department who report to the director and provide valuable support to the employees. The structure of the organization is given in the below image. Figure 1: Organizational Structure of CGC (Source: Citizensenergygroup.com, 2016) Existing and future business opportunity The business of the company is associated with the natural gas supply that has good demand in the market. The problem of this business is the market prediction and sales forecasting. The company always fails to match the demand of the gas and the supply from the producer because of the uncertain market (Chen and Baldick 2011). The storing capacity of the company is also different and they directly store gas from supplier and supply them to their customer. It is found that the production of gas in low in the winter season and the demand of the gas is high in the same season therefore company always lose their business (Attaran and Attaran 2012). If Citizens Gas Company is able to plan their storing capacity then they will be able to store the extra gas in the summer season which will enables to match the extra demand in the winter season. The company has lot of scope in the industrial segment because they are not focusing in this segment. If the company is able to improve the situatio n then they will make more business in this segment. The residential business also has lot of scope as other company is growing in this segment as compared to Citizens Gas Company. Since the market growth is high than the market leader therefore there are lot of scope existing in this market. Existing operating system Figure 2: Current operation of CGC to supply gas to their customer (Source: Citizensenergygroup.com, 2016) The present operation of the organization is related to three levels that are purchase from the supplier, Storage of the gas and supply to the customer. The initial step is the receiving of the gas from five suppliers. CGC has is getting the supply from five pipeline company who are in contract with CGC. All the organization supplies their gas to the storing unit of the organization (Zednik et al. 2011). The buying option of the gas is associated with the character of the contract with the pipeline company. To some company CGC has to pay the contract amount irrespective of the consumption. A portion of the organization has made the agreement with a settled measure of cash and utilization. In the event that CGC is expending less then additionally they need to pay the full cash to the organization. Along these lines, this sort of agreement is acquiring misfortune for the organization since when demand is low and supply is high then they are not ready to supply gas. Purchasing is also a ssociated with the ability of the pipeline company at that point of time. The next step of the system is the storage of gas that is solely dependent on CGCs infrastructure. The company is struggling to store the excess gas because of the improper planning and low storage capacity. The company is therefore store only few amount of gas that is supplied (Winter and Knemeyer 2013). The last step is the supply of the storage gas to their customer. Since the company has three type of customers therefore they has to prioritize the supply procedure during the sort supply. The company first fulfill the requirement of the domestic customer because they are committed to them then the company distribute the extra gas to the commercial sector. Another reason to prioritize the domestic segment is that they provide higher rate to the company and most of the revenue is coming from this segment. Business performance The business performance of CGC is good because they have always developed the competitive advantage in their business to beat the competitors. The business of CGC is also associated with the customer base that no other companies have in the country. The company is making profit every year though the rate of growth is in the negative side as compared to the past. Therefore, company is focusing on the business aspect and opportunities in the market to enhance the growth of the company (Park, Hong and Roh 2013). More often, the company fails to fulfill the exact demand of the market only because of lack of planning. Therefore company is taking initiative to enhance the performance through several functional initiative. Sales and marketing Sales and marketing is the key aspect of the business because that helps to sale the product in the market better than competitors do. CGC has very less focus on the sales and marketing because they are very old organization and till today they are dependent on the relationship business. Most of the residential customer of the company is taking the service for long time therefore addition of new customer is comparatively less as compared to other company. The company is habituated in the common trend of sales that are not forecasted in the past (Mena, Humphries and Choi 2013). The new system of the company will help to make a sales forecast for the company and the marketing of the product will be done in that basis. If the company has over supply then marketing department will remain active to increase the demand in the market. Once the demand is high then they will be able to generate more business in the off-season also (Ipakchi and Albuyeh 2012). Therefore, CGC will prepare a sale s budget that will forecast the future sale for the next year. The budget will be based on the data of last year. Month Sales 2015 residential in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Sales 2015 commercial in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Sales 2015 industrial in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Jan 17 19 2 2 1 4 Feb 17 16 1 2 2 5 Mar 13 15 1 2 7 6 Apr 13 13 2 3 8 7 May 11 11 3 3 9 8 Jun 11 11 3 4 10 10 Jul 10 10 3 4 9 9 Aug 10 10 3 4 8 8 Sep 12 13 1 2 6 7 Oct 14 14 1 2 2 6 Nov 15 16 2 2 2 5 Dec 17 18 3 2 1 4 Total 160 171 25 32 65 79 Total 278 Table 1: Sales budget for 2016 (Source: Created by author) Operations Operating such a big organization also includes lot of expenses. Therefore to operate such organization expense is very important to handle otherwise it will impact the profitability of the organization. During the operation, company has to deal with different type of expenses that are fixed expense and variable expense (Lund et al. 2014). Most of the fixed expenses are predictable but the variable expenses are unpredictable therefore they should be done through proper planning so that they could be done in a proper manner without affecting the profitability. Operating Expenses Actual Expense 2015 in million $ Budget 2016 in million $ Difference Accounting and Legal 0.6 0.6 0 Advertising 2.1 2 .1 Depreciation 3.1 3.5 -0.4 Dues and Subscriptions 1.5 0.9 0.6 Insurance 2.5 2.5 0 Interest Expense 4.5 4.8 -0.3 Maintenance and Repairs 5.9 8.5 -2.6 Office Supplies 0.005 0.003 0.002 Payroll Expenses 0.003 0.003 0 Rent 1.3 1 0.3 Salaries and Wages 18 20 -2 Taxes and Licenses 5.6 6.3 -0.7 Web Hosting and Domains 0.002 0.002 0 Other 1 0.5 0.5 Total Operating Expenses 46.11 50.608 -4.498 Table 3: Expense budget 2016(Source: Created by author) Procurement Procurement of the organization is associated with the sales of the product throughout the year. The company is mainly focusing to plan the procurement by developing a sales forecast based on the last year sale. If the company is able to plan the forecast properly then it will help to develop a procurement budget. The procurement will be done depending on the sale and the storage so that company will not suffer any loss due to short or over supply (Belkin, Nichol and Woehrel 2013). The company is emphasizing on the month wise procurement budget that will help to organize the purchase in the right manner. Month Purchase budget of 2015 in million $ Actual sale of 2015 in million $ Purchase budget of 2016 in million $ Jan 16 23 20 Feb 13 21 17 Mar 13 21 16 Apr 16 22 16 May 17 23 17 Jun 16 23 18 Jul 13 21 16 Aug 12 20 13 Sep 14 17 13 Oct 14 18 14 Nov 13 19 15 Dec 14 22 18 Total 171 250 193 Table 2: Purchase budget of 2016 (Source: Created by author) Taxation Taxation is one of the important aspect of the business that directly impact the net profit of the company. The company is planning to sale more in the 2016 therefore with a increased volume of business company has to pay more amount of tax (Moore et al. 2014). Therefore, to operate business by paying proper tax to the government pricing of the product is very important. CGC is planning to increase the price from the next year to increase the infrastructure. Future business plan Future planning of the organization is connected with the continuous supply of natural gas over all clients. CGC is starting to make a capacity arrangement for their storeroom that will work in a month-to-month premise however will likewise keep up yearly information. The future arranging of the organization is exceptionally centered on the month-to-month business gauge and they will make an incremental arrangement as per the past business (Monczka et al. 2015). On the off chance that the organization can estimate their business legitimately then they will have the capacity to improve their capacity arrangement. The arrangement of the new chief is to make a calculated configuration of a data framework that will center to examine the free market activity. The new framework will give a month-to-month gas plan to next five years with specific accentuation on the main year of offers. The new framework will utilize genuine information amid the year to venture interest for the following ye ar (Seuring 2013). This kind of activity will enhance the working wage of the association that will bring about more gainfulness. Future arranging of the organization is likewise connected with the arranged stockpiling that will stay full in the beginning of consistent. Proposed new system of CGC Figure 3: New system of the storage facility and uninterrupted supply to customer (Source: Created by author) Proposed new system of the company is associated with proper planning for every functionality that will help to make a planned purchase of natural gas. The proposed system of CGC therefore suggests a four tire system for operation. The first tire is the supplier of the company. Since CGC has different type of supplier, therefore they get their product through different contract (Stern 2012). According to the supply agreement, every supplier supplies natural gas when it is available from nature. The second tire of the system is the main operating system that plans monthly supply and demand of the product. When supply is more than the demand then it send the excess gas to the storage unit where it can be stored for whole year that can be utilized for the uninterrupted business. The third level is the storage facility and the objective of the company is to keep proper stock throughout the year to manage the high demanding situation. The forth tire is the supply of the gas that is again done on the priority basis. In the new system, the supply of gas has the same priority for every customer however; it can be controlled during the high situation (Wisner, Tan and Leong 2015). Identification of data for adequate planning capability Datas that are identified for the adequate planning system are described below. Number of customer Number of customer in each segment is important to incorporate into the system to understand the demand in the market. If CGC focuses on every customer consumption then it will be easier for the system to understand the usage (Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith 2012). According to the usage future planning will be done. Weather data Weather data is also important for the system because according to the weather condition demand fluctuate. During the winter demand remain maximum however if the weather forecast says that the span of winter will remain short then new system will procure less. Heating factors Heating factor influence the demand of natural gas. Industrial customer will procure more gas during the summer time because production remains high in this period. However, heating factor in the residential sector is in high demand in the winter season therefore CGC has to supply maximum gas at that time (Cheenkachorn, Poompipatpong and Ho 2013). Sales forecast Sales forecast of the company will depend on the system data like weather condition, therefore according to the weather forecast will be planned. Supplier contract terms Supplier contract terms is also important for the new system to plan the amount of gas to be procured from suppliers that is also associated with the storage facility. Storage field capacity The system has to aware about the storage facility to maintain the planned stock for the demanding situation. Conclusion From the above report, it can be outlined that Citizen Gas Company was inadequate in the planning part that is bringing about tremendous business loss. The organization was not able supply gas as indicated by the demand since demand and supply of the gas was not coordinating. 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